Analysis of the following data: - Percentage of civil servants who received bonuses during the latest full calendar year (if a civil servant received a bonus more than once during the year, he/she is counted as 1). If all or almost all civil servants received bonuses, it should be assumed that such bonuses do not have a motivational character. If data for the whole civil service is not available centrally, data from five institutions will be analysed, which include two ministries (the same in all assessed countries) and the three other central government bodies with the highest number of civil servants reporting to the government, CoM or the prime minister. Data relates to the central government administration only.