Expert review of legislation. The legislation should include at least the following eight elements: • Conflicts of interest for all public servants; • Restriction of secondary employment for civil servants; • Restrictions to minimise “revolving doors” (including post-employment) for senior civil servants, particularly for regulators; • Rules related to the receipt of gifts and benefits, including a maximum value threshold; • Obligation to disclose assets for senior civil servants (not necessarily publicly); • Whistle-blower protection for all public servants; • Code of conduct and/or ethical guidelines for all public servants; • In the penal code, regulation of fraud, deception and corruption offences perpetrated by public officials, including, at a minimum: financial fraud against the state, acts of forgery/counterfeiting documents, active bribery, passive bribery, embezzlement, abuse of functions/power, trading in influence, illicit enrichment, money laundering and other acts involving the proceeds of crime (the definitions must be mutually exclusive, exhaustive and in line with the classifications of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime). Point allocation: • 5 points = the legislation includes all 8 elements. • 3 points = the legislation includes 7 elements. • 1 point = the legislation includes 6 elements. • 0 points = the legislation includes fewer than 6 elements.