Expert review of laws. Legal recognition of electronic signatures is directly linked to transposition of the Electronic Signatures Directive 1999/93/EC, and a basic requirement for harmonisation with the EU eIDAS Regulation (EU No. 910/2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market). Verification of costs of electronic signatures should take the following into account: • Combination of electronic signature with national ID card: application for the national ID card can be subject to a fee. For a point to be awarded, however, no additional fee should be required to activate the electronic signature function of the ID; • The possibility of third-party digital signatures that are officially certified: this can be by mobile operators, banks or other service providers. There can be fees for the core services of those providers, but for a point to be awarded, the digital signature should involve no additional cost to end users. For each of the following three criteria, 1 point is awarded (total of 3 points).